Corrections & Retractions

IJSMF is committed to maintaining the accuracy and integrity of the published scholarly record.

Corrections

When an error is identified in a published article, the journal will assess the nature and significance of the error. Corrections may be issued when an error affects the accuracy of the publication but does not invalidate the principal findings or conclusions. Where appropriate, a correction notice will be linked to the original article to maintain transparency.

Retractions

A published article may be considered for retraction when substantial concerns affect the reliability, integrity, or validity of the published work. Possible reasons may include:

• Fabrication or falsification of data
• Serious plagiarism
• Duplicate publication
• Major ethical violations
• Significant errors affecting the main findings
• Other forms of serious research or publication misconduct

Retraction decisions will be based on available evidence and will be handled by the editorial team in accordance with the journal's publication ethics principles. The original article record will be retained where appropriate and clearly identified as retracted to preserve the integrity of the scholarly record.